History and culture

There are many online sources of information relating to historic documents and the cultural heritage of the United Kingdom.

Key historical documents

Key sources

The National Archives, the British Library and the Parliamentary Archives hold the key documents relating to UK history.

There's a lot of information available online and some other sources are listed below.

• National Archives Opens new window

• The British Library Opens new window

Magna Carta

Magna Carta is often thought of as the corner-stone of liberty and the chief defence against arbitrary and unjust rule in England. In fact it contains few sweeping statements of principle, but is a series of concessions wrung from the unwilling King John by his rebellious barons in 1215. However, Magna Carta established for the first time a very significant constitutional principle, namely that the power of the king could be limited by a written grant.

Four copies of this original grant survive. Two are held at the British Library while the others can be seen in the cathedral archives at Lincoln and Salisbury.

• Magna Carta at the British Library Opens new window

Bills of Rights 1689

After the short-lived constitutional experiments that followed the Civil War, the supremacy of Parliament was finally enshrined in the Bill of Rights passed in December 1689.

• Bill of Rights 1689 Opens new window

Union with Scotland 1707

In the 16th century, legislation had united England and Wales. The 1707 Acts of Union were passed by the Parliaments of England and Scotland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain. These Acts abolished the Scottish Parliament and transferred the Scottish representatives to Westminster.

• Uniting the kingdom Opens new window

Ireland

The Act of Union 1800 created the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland'. 'Home Rule' for Ireland became a major issue in the late nineteenth century. The Government of Ireland Act 1920 partitioned Ireland and created Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom.

• Act of Union 1800 Opens new window

Rights to vote

In early-19th-century Britain very few people had the right to vote. The Reform Act of 1832 gave the vote in towns only to men who occupied property with an annual value of 10. Universal suffrage, with voting rights for women (though not for those under 30), did not arrive in Britain until February 1918.

• Rights to vote Opens new window

Cultural heritage

Key departments and organisations

The Department of Culture, Media and Sport is responsible for government policy on the arts, sport, the national lottery, tourism, libraries, museums and galleries, broadcasting, film, the music industry, press freedom and regulation, licensing, gambling and the historic environment.

It is also responsible for the listing of historic buildings and scheduling of ancient monuments, the export licensing of cultural goods, the management of the government art collection and for the Royal Parks Agency.

English Heritage maintains and cares for the historic environment of England. It aims to help people understand and appreciate why the historic buildings and landscapes around them matter.

• Department for Culture, Media and Sport Opens new window

• English Heritage Opens new window

Unesco World Heritage sites

The United Kingdom has 23 cultural and natural heritage sites listed by Unesco.

• World Heritage sites in the UK Opens new window

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